NIAB is aimed to harness novel and emerging biotechnologies and take up research in the cutting edge areas for improving animal health and productivity. The Institute's focus of research will be on Animal Genetics and Genomics, Transgenic Technology, Reproductive Biotechnology, Infectious Diseases, Bioinformatics and Nutrition Enrichment. The institute aims at translational research leading to the development of novel vaccines, diagnostics and improved therapeutic molecules for farm animals. The Institute plans to promote bio entrepreneurship by providing support environment for commercial tenants involved in the development of farm animal based products.

NIAB is located with in the campus of University of Hyderabad, the Highest Ranked University in the country, in about 100 acres of land. The site earmarked for NIAB is very adjacent to the proposed second campus of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and to the IT Hub and the Financial District housing Indian School of Business, Microsoft India Development Centre, ICICI Bank, Wipro campus etc. Other prominent institutions include International Institute of Information Technology and Indian Immunologicals.